This section has numerous methods and strategies for multiplying, squaring, and manipulating numbers. By using these strategies you should be able to calculate complex operations in you head with relative ease.
* = easy should be learned by Elementary level students
** = medium should be learned by Junior High level students
*** = difficult should be learned by High School level students
Many of these methods are overlapping. In other words, you can use several methods for one question. For example, you can use the squaring numbers rule for 692 or you can use the method for squaring a number that ends in a 9. You must decide what method is best in different situations.
Note: Unless stated otherwise, all the steps will ask you to write the answer down reading from right to left. In other words, you will write down the one’s digit to the answer first, followed by the ten’s digit, followed by the hundred’s digit, and so on.
